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Because ZS4 can export video in Motion PNG format, a lossless format which stores transparency, it is a good idea to save your footage with key to import into larger ZS4 projects.
In this tutorial we shall do that using a person in front of a greenscreen and a chroma key. You can download the video clip here (4mb). This was saved (with ZS4) in mjpeg format, so you may not be able to play the file back with wmp, but you should be able to import it into ZS4 to use in this tutorial.
Step 1 Start ZS4 by clicking on the desktop icon. You will see that the default tab is the file tab. Here you can find files on your hard drive which are compatible with ZS4. (eg. avi, wav, png, jpg, zs4 project files) Alternatively, use the file dialog which can be launched by clicking the file open button at the bottom left (see screenshot).
Once you have located the file you wish to import, click on it. We'll assume you use the provided footage which is called onmyplanet.avi.
Step 2 The video should appear in a matter of seconds under the Import tab. For longer pieces of footage, you may have to wait for the wave form to be drawn before you can bring the footage into the track display area. The full wave form can be viewed by clicking the audio tab.
To bring it into the project, drag the green arrow either into the left or right lower area. If you drag it into the tree view, it will always be a child track of the main mixer (project track) which for the purposes of this tutorial is what we want. (If you drag a file onto another track in the track display, it will become a child track of that one, which will be apparent in the tree view.)
Step 3 As you can see, the video track is quite a bit smaller than the output frame size. The mixer track has a default frame size of 720x576 (PAL DV) but this can be changed by clicking the i icon on the mixer track in the track display to bring up the track properties tab.
Step 4 We will change the video dimensions of the mixer to match the video, since we do not need the extra space. The video is 240x180, so type those dimensions into the track dimensions input fields and press update.
Step 5 Now click on the f/x tab (next to the project tree view tab) and find the yuv/chroma key. Its in the effects/video effects/pixel filters/keying filters folder. Drag it onto the video clip. This makes the effect track a child track of the video which makes it slaved to that track (same length, moves with its parent). Child tracks are drawn from the bottom up on top of their parents.
Step 6 When you added the chroma key effect, the tab in the track arrangement window switched to the current tab, which shows the currently selected track (red). It does this so you can set the effect settings.
Press the colour selector toggle in (button with green rectangle on it) and then draw with the mouse to select a large colour sample from the area we want to key.
Step 7 The default settings do a pretty good job on this footage, but if you wanted to adjust them, you can click on the tolerance strips in the var area. For finer control, click the settings icon next to the next key frame icon (far right).
Step 8 Click on the f/x tab again and look in the video effects/convolution filters folder for the key smoother. Drag it onto the onmyplanet.avi track. It will appear above the yuv key, which is what we want.
Step 9 The current tab is showing again. If you want to smooth more of the edge, adjust the matrix value setting, keeping in mind that higher values will slow your progress down exponentially. I recommend staying within the lower 1/4.
Step 10 To export this footage with transparency intact, click on the export button of the main media mixer.
Step 11 Type the path and file name you want to save to where it says output-file. Or, use the browse button to choose a folder and file name.
On this page you can also change output size and frame rate. Press export once you are finished.
Step 12 On the next screen you will be able to pick the export encoder. Press the arrow keys until you find the MPNG encoder. This is the only one which preserves the transparency of the video.
Now press enter and wait for a while until its done processing.
Recommended use for this exported video is to import it back into ZS4 along with some other footage as backdrop etc.
Zoom and Pan Tutorial
This tutorial will explain how to make a video by zooming and panning a very large image. You can use this one if you want. In that case, right click the link and choose "save as" to download the image to your hard drive.
Step 1
Open ZS4. Locate the file greenflowers.jpg (or whichever, but must be large) on your hard drive and click on it to import.
Step 2
Drag the green arrow down into the track display or into the tree view. The end result is the same. Your picture will appear as a child track of the MediaMixer.
Step 3
Click on the rectangle icon on the greenflowers.jpg track. This is a shortcut to get to the track -> rectangles tab. In the MediaMixer rectangle (destination) you will be able to monitor your results.
Step 4
Click on the "current" tab which is next to the default arrangement tab in the track display. This shows you only the current track and allows you to manipulate its variables using drawing tools. For this example we shall use the tool called "select destination rectangle with mouse". This lets us draw the area of the picture which we want shown in the destination (MediaMixer).
To select this tool, press the black rectangle toggle in. (as shown below).
Step 5
Now draw a rectangle indicating the area to be displayed at the beginning of the video. Our time is 0 so the key frame you set now will be the first one. I selected the lower right corner. Note the change of position in the MediaMixer rectangle. You can also adjust the outcome with the sliders around it.
Step 6
Move the time slider at the bottom a few seconds to the right. Now draw a rectangle in a different area of the picture.
Step 7
Repeat step 6.
Step 8
For the next key frame (move time slider further to the right), zoom out all the way. You can achieve this, while making sure that the picture fills the entire output rectangle, by drawing a rectangle around the full image. It will fit it automatically. If you wanted to adjust the result, you could do so using the sliders around the MediaMixer rectangle in the top half of the screen. Note: the bottom slider simply changes the view so that you can manipulate large images more easily.
Step 9
Drag the time slider further to the right. Draw a smaller rectangle, for example, similiar to the very first one. This will zoom back into that area of the picture.
Step 10
If you want, you can change the interpolation between the key frames to be quadratic instead of linear. This will have the result of slowing down the motion as you approach and leave a rectangle key frame. To do this, press the right arrow key below the MediaMixer rectangle where it says linear. This will change it to quadratic. This affects all key frames for this rectangle so you only have to do this once and it doesn't matter when you do it.
Step 11
Maybe you want to fade the video out at the end. Since i'm almost at the end anyway, i'm going to set a key frame of default for the opacity variable for this track. Do this by hovering your mouse over the opacity strip on the left and press enter. The strip will turn yellow to indicate a key frame.
Step 12
Move the time slider all the way to the end. Hover over the opacity strip again and press the down arrow on your keyboard. This will set the opacity to minimum, effectively fading the video to black in the output. You can monitor this in the destination (MediaMixer) rectangle in the top half of the screen.
Step 13
To export the end result, switch back to the arrangement tab and press the circle icon (export button) on the MediaMixer track. Fill out the fields in the export dialog and press export. You'll get a couple more screens to fill out as well.
Thats it! Let me know how it turns out. You can add comments below if you log in. I'll do my best to fix up any problem areas in this tutorial if they are brought to my attention.
ZS4 Manual
Not everything is documented yet but we're working on it. If you need further information on something, feel free to post comments on the manual pages.
Installation
Windows Install
To install ZS4 on Windows, just run the exe file after you have downloaded it. Since v0.936 ZS4 can be installed wherever you like.
Linux Install
On Linux, extract the tar.gz file somewhere and launch the installer which is produced. The installation directory is t@b in your home folder.
Installation Remarks
Every new version gets its own subfolder (ex. 0.925) inside a .t@b/ folder. Icons will be created on the desktop with the version number.
Uninstall Remarks
Under windows, since v0.936, an uninstall icon is provided in the startup menu To uninstall ZS4 on Linux or with Windows v0.935 and earlier, just delete the t@b directory (or just the version folder) and kill the desktop icons. On Windows you can use the add/remove programs dialog to uninstall as of v0.936.
Using the Distro Package for Linux
There's a linux "distro" package for ZS4 available at http://devel.zs4.net/zs4distro_linux.html. This version is suitable for both: The integration of a zs4 install within a larger install (like a linux distro) and the installation of ZS4 for linux when other means have failed.
mpg (audio may not work for mpg files) aif, snd, ico, cur, gif
x
pnm, pbm, pgm, ppm, xpm, xbm
x
x
There are two steps to importing a file. The first is selecting the file and the second is bringing it (or a selection of it) into the project.
To select a file, either use the file tab at the top, visible when the program starts up, or use the browse button, located at the bottom left. If the file is ZS4 readable, it should appear in the import tab. If the file has audio and has not previously been imported, it may take a few minutes to draw the audio wave form.
In the import panel you can preview video and audio using the playback controls below the waveform display. To select only one section of a video or audio file to add to the project, either draw the area with the mouse, or use the start/end selection buttons located to the left of the playback controls. These buttons allow precision when viewing the audio tab, as one can zoom in to find the appropriate location to set the in and out points, and when using the video tab, as the video may be covering the position indicator. Note that the import tab is the only panel which allows the playback of a video file, so any precision trim procedure must occur before importing the clip into the project. In the track arrangement area, clips can only be lengthened and shortened.
Also note the dig buttons to the right of the play controls. The dig button (single heart) can be used to save one or more selections (digs) for future use. These will still be available the next time the file is loaded into ZS4. Use the next dig button (multiple hearts) to navigate between digs.
To import the file or selection into the project, drag the green arrow into the track display or the treeview. Dragging a track onto another track makes it a child track of that track. All tracks are descendents of the MediaMixer which is the main project track, but all tracks can have unlimited descendents. This allows for an easy and powerful way of making subarrangements. For an example, see the sub-mixer tutorial.
For video or audio files which have an audio sample rate of something other than 48khz, you may consider converting the audio prior to import into ZS4 to avoid possible quality loss. See this article for conversion methods.
All tracks in the ZS4 project arrangement area are organized hierarchically including effects which each have their own track.
Any track can be a child of any other track. Children only affect their immediate parents and are also restricted by their parents. Tracks can be grouped into sub-arrangements using a submixer track or any audio or video track (generally more restrictive).
Effects are normally added as child tracks of the intended recipient of the effect although they can also be added on the same level as other tracks in order to affect more than one simultaneously. Tracks are drawn bottom to top so if an effect is on the same level as three video tracks but higher up, it will affect all three whereas if the effect were a child of one of the video tracks it would affect only that track.
Tracks can be moved up and down in the tree using the keyboard arrow keys or the buttons on the track properties tab (i icon on track). They can be cut or copied (includes all children/grandchildren etc.) and pasted on any other track. Pressing delete while hovering over a track deletes that track and all its children. Tracks can be lengthened, shortened and moved on the timeline using the set start, end and duration controls at the top of the track properties tab.
To select the "current" track, the one to work with, click it in the track treeview or hover over the track in the track display and hit enter. The "current" track and its rectangle are highlighted red. To manipulate the variables for the current track, select the "current" tab, next to the arrangement tab (track display).
Track Properties
The properties tab is located under the track button. It can be accessed with one click by pressing the i icon on the track.
The track properties tab provides information about the current track including frame dimensions, frames per second and length. For some types of tracks, the start, end and duration times can be altered using the controls near the top of the panel. For example, to set the duration of a video track to 10 seconds, click the right arrow until it says duration (says start by default), enter a 10 into the text entry field and press the = button. Note: tracks can also be made shorter by pressing the shift key and dragging the end of the track in the track arrangement area.
There are also video and audio on/off toggles. By default these toggles are depressed (when the track has audio or video) which means that the audio or video is turned on. Press the toggle to turn off the video or audio.
Below the on/off toggles is a row of red buttons. The first four are for moving the current track up or down in the track display. These can be used to rearrange the position the track has inside its parent.
The buttons to the right of those are for cutting/copying and pasting the current track. Tracks can be cut or copied and pasted onto any other track in the track display. Bring up the properties tab for the destination track to paste. Note that copying a track copies it and all its children/grandchildren/etc. Even the MediaMixer can be copied and pasted. This can come in handy when you have imported a bunch of tracks and realize that they should actually all belong to a sub-arrangement/sub-mixer. prj_expvid toggle, mmtrack_TimesteinProps toggle, curchoice_dim_choice, track length, delete sound, shorten tracks
Project Tree View
The project tree view displays the hierachical structure of the current project. There are a few things which deserve noting about this treeview.
When rendering/exporting video the tracks contained in the treeview are rendered bottom to top, (background to forground)
Items selected in this tree view will appear in the track display (arrangement tab in the bottom right pane/window)
Hints: CTRL or ALT click (de)selects the item/track clicked on. SHIFT click selects the item clicked on plus all its imediate children. keyboard 'a' or 'A' select ALL items.
editorview_Content gadget
Track Display (Arrangement Tab)
The track arrangement area shows all tracks in the project which are selected on the left project treeview (ctrl click selects and deselects).
You can change the current time in the arrangement display by either dragging the slider at the bottom, clicking the white strip directly above the MediaMixer, or using the arrow buttons to the left and right of the slider. The innermost ones move the time slider 1/10 of a second.
The icons below the track arrangement display can be used to set the selection area, zoom in and out, or set a marker on the current track and position it in relation to the other tracks.
zs4help VEES
Track Variables
Every track has its own set of variables which can be changed over time. Video tracks have variables for cropping, transparency, size, position in parent track, volume, etc. Each effect track has a different set of variables depending on its function, however they all have left, right, top and bottom crop variables so one can set the area to which the effect applies.
Track variables can be manipulated using: current track tab- for using drawing tools to set variables/variable sets vars tab - for selecting variables in the properties tab and for roughly setting values variables tab - for setting exact values for individual variables and manipulating entire envelopes parent rectangle - for moving/scaling the current track in the parent rectangle.
Video Track Variables
Every media track has its own variable set including crop settings, opacity/transparency settings, volume, rotation, rotation center, etc. Not all tracks will make use of all settings but they appear for all tracks regardless.
Most simple operations are performed using the track variables. These variables can be manipulated in the track variables treeview tab, and for more precise control, in the track variable property tab which can be accessed by clicking the variable button on the track, or the track properties button to the right of each variable strip in the treeview display.
There are also a few drawing buttons for things like rectangle crop/placement and rotation angle below the image on the current track tab (to the right of the arrangement tab).
See the below links for a list of video track variables.
Current Track Display
Select the "current" tab next to the arrangement tab in order to manipulate properties/parameter/variables related to the "current track", which is highlighted red in the project tree view (lower left pane).
For video/image tracks, use the toggles below the image display to select drawing tools allowing you to set the centre of the image, crop the source rectangle, move the source rectangle, select which part of the image displays in the parent rectangle, and set the rotation angle.
For effect tracks, use the toggles below the image display to select drawing tools to set and move the source crop (area to which the effect applies), and perform effect specific manipulations. The toggles vary depending on effect.
Hover over the buttons (and optionally press F1) to find out what the toggles are for.
Note: Some variable changes such as image centre, rotation angle and many effect parameters will cause no change in the display of the current track. The top rectangle display appears automatically when the drawing tools are used. Always check the parent rectangle (upper right) to see the results.
veecur_display gadget mmtratab_veecur toggle
Vars tab (variable selector)
The track variables can be manipulated in the vars tab (next to project treeview tab, bottom left panel) by clicking on the strip, or pressing right, left and enter keyboard shortcuts to set maximum, minimum and default values.
The buttons located below the variable strips (copy, paste, delete, add key frame etc.) affect all track variables which have a keyframe at the current time. To manipulate individual track variables, click the variable settings button to the right of the variable strip, or navigate to the track -> variables tab at the top.
variable settings button
Variables Tab (Settings)
The variables settings tab can be accessed by:
a) clicking the variable button on the track b) clicking the track properties button to the right of each variable strip in the vars treeview display c) navigating to the track button at the top and clicking the variables tab.
On the variables tab you can set precisely the value of the active variable using the text entry field and the + - / x = buttons. The buttons with the yellow icons can be used to perform operations such as go to next/previous key frame, add key frame, set to default value and cut/copy/paste key frame value. Hover the mouse over a button to get a tooltip explaining what it does.
The orange buttons affect entire envelopes. These buttons affect all key frames for the current track which fall into the selection range in the track display. (To select a range, draw with the mouse starting at the grey strip above the track display or use the buttons below the track display) Envelopes can be cut, copied and pasted onto other tracks, scaled and moved around using the orange buttons.
On the variable settings tab there is also a selector for the interpolation for that variable. Possible interpolators include linear, quadratic, plateau and weird1 which is an attempted spline interpolator. mmtrackvars
Effects
In ZS4, every effect has its own track in the arrangement tab (track display). Thus it can be moved around, copied, pasted, and used to simultaneously affect multiple tracks. They can also be used together to build more complex effects using effect containers.
Simple effect track usage involves choosing an effect from the folders on the f/x treeview tab and dragging it onto the media track which needs altering. This will make the effect a child of that media track. A track can have multiple effects and their order will affect the final influence on the parent.
Tracks are drawn bottom to top. To use one effect for multiple media tracks one could add the effect track at the same level as the media tracks (ex. to the MediaMixer) and move it above those tracks in the treeview. This can be easily accomplished by hovering over the track with the mouse and pressing the up arrow on the keyboard.
The "current" tab, like for video/image tracks is used to manipulate the effects variables, in combination with the vars tabs and the rectangle display.
To change the settings for an effect (many effects have default settings of no change and require manipulation of effect variables), select the effect in the track treeview and click on the "current" tab, next to the arrangement (track display) tab. Here there is a large representation of the current frame with several drawing tool toggles below it. Depress the toggle you want to use and then use the mouse to draw on the frame. Every effect will have different toggles allowing you to draw the affected area, colour pick, set rotation angle etc. depending on the effect.
In addition to the drawing tools you can manipulate the variables directly using either the vars tab list view or the variable settings tab.
For individual effect descriptions, see the related items links below. mmlistab_effview toggle
Effect Containers
effect containers take advantage of zs4 track architecture by allowing the user to create their very own effects by building their own "Macro-Effects".
effect containers may represent a shape by which all contained effect filters are bounded. an oval container may limit chroma key, tint filter etc which it contains to an oval shape.
other containers may bound contained effects by "drawmode". this means that however the child-effects manipulate your video frame, the containing effect will only allow modifications to the alpha channel to be transferred to the actual video image. or anything but (the alpha channel)
this effects-within-effects approach allows the creation of uncountable video processing chains and expands hugely the amount of possible processing.
See below for specific container details. viff_container classview_ZS4Effect
Submixers
Submixers can be thought of as "sub-projects" and essentially allow a "group" or collection of tracks to be composited/mixed down and then treated as if it was a single track in a project (or an other sub-mixer).
For an example on how to use a submixer, check out the submixer tutorial.
ZS4TimeEffect classview_ZS4Effect
Signal Generators
See text generators for text strings and clocks.
Exporting / Output
To get to the export tab, one can either click the export icon on the appropriate track (normally the MediaMixer) or select the appropriate track in the treeview and click the track button at the top, followed by the export tab.
To save a jpg, bmp or png still image (png preserves transparency), type a file name in the output-file text entry field followed by a an extension of .jpg .bmp or .png. It will be stored in home/t@b/export/todaysdate or N:\My Documents\t@b\export\todaysdate on Windows.
To export only audio, use a .wav extension. If the export video button next to the text entry field is depressed, be sure to undepress it, else export will fail miserably.
To export video, either don't specify an extension (avi is default) or use .zsv for exporting mpng files (in case you run Windows and have no decoder for this format. This way ZS4 will be able to read the file, bypassing wmp)
To specify a folder to save the file to, you might use something like this under Windows: C:\My Documents\My Videos\My Stuff\myvideo or this on Linux /home/me/whatever/video, or you can use the browse button to select a location and file name. The default save location for video and audio is My Documents or home.
The audio and video toggles are used to mute video or audio output in the exported file.
The quality slider should NOT be set to 100 and should potentially not be set to anything above 0. See here for details.
If you export video, there is a choice of four encoders.
IYUV/i420 (uncompressed format) mjpg (this is included with libavcodec which comes with mencoder) mvjp mpng
output make generate
Keyboard Shortcuts
Important: Keyboard shortcuts affect the area under the mouse pointer.
Main
The program has 3 main window areas which are dragable by grabbing the crossbars. To quickly move the crossbars, position the mouse pointer over the one you wish to move, it should turn into a drag pointer. Press enter to position it in the middle. Press the up/down/left/right arrow keys for the extreme positions.
Position the mouse pointer over a track. Press down arrow to move the track down. Press up arrow to move the track up. Press enter to make the track the current track. Press home key to go to the very beginning of the track. Press end key to go to the very end. Press the left arrow key to go to the previous visible key frame. Press the right arrow key to go to the next visible key frame. Press i to zoom in. Press o to zoom out. Press a to see all.
Project Tree View (Project tab, bottom left) Position the mouse pointer over the track name. Press the ctrl key and click a track to toggle the visibility in the track display. Click a track to make it current. Press up arrow to move up. Press down arrow to move down. Press delete key to delete the track. Press shift key and click a track to select it and all its children.
Variables List (Vars tab, bottom left)
Position the mouse pointer over any variable name. Press space bar to make a variable the active one Press + to add a key frame. Press - to delete a key frame. Press enter for the default value. Press up key for maximum value. Press down key for minimum value.
Selections
When you are selecting an area of a media clip or project in the import, wave or track display, position the current time indicator (with slider) at the correct position and Press s for start of selection Press e for end of selection. Press esc to remove selection altogether. There are also buttons for these functions and more below the track display.
Scrolling Flower Tutorial
This tutorial is an example of a simple pattern, created using one of the pattern effects. Here we will take a picture (feel free to use this one) and make it scroll by repeatedly. Step 1
Open ZS4. If you downloaded this picture, find it with the file picker or use the open file button to launch the popup dialog (bottom left).
Step 2 The picture appears in the import area. Drag the green down arrow into the track display, or onto the project track in the tree view.
Step 3
Now that the picture is showing in the track display, click the f/x tab (in the track treeview area) and open the video effects/pattern stuff/tiling effects folder. Select pattern replicator and drag it onto the main mixer track (uppermost track). You could also drag it onto the picture track, but then the effect would only apply to that area instead of the entire output video frame.
Step 4
The addition of the effect causes the display to change to the current tab of the track display.
Select the vars tab to the right of the project treeview tab.
To horizontally scroll the picture, set a key frame in the horizontal position variable. You can set it to the default value by hovering over it with the mouse and pressing enter.
Step 5
Now drag the time slider at the bottom to the end.
Make a new key frame for the horizontal position. Somewhat to the right or left of default (0).
In the screenshot it shows 8000 pixels worth of movement which was set explicitly via the variable properties tab. You can easily go to this tab by clicking the variable properties icon to the right of the next key frame arrow.
Step 6
Now the flower should just keep scrolling by until the end of the video. To check it out, click the preview button on the MediaMixertrack. Or, export it by clicking the export button instead (to the left of the preview button). You may want to use more frames.
If you were to want to use something like this in another video, i recommend saving the output as MPNG, this will preserve the transparency of the background.
Note: Previews are launched in a player immediately following their generation. To replay a preview video use the play preview button at the bottom left in the global toolbar. Also note that previews can be cancelled at any time and only the generated portion will be played back.
Simple Chroma Key Tutorial
Here's a short introduction to the chroma key effect. I have a dandelion picture which can be used as a good example. Just apply this same approach when you are using video.
Step 1
Open ZS4 and search in the file tab until you locate the picture you downloaded from here.
Now grab that green down pointing arrow and drag it into the track display area like so:
Step 2
Now click on the f/x tab in the track display treeview area, and open the keying filters folder (effects/video effects/pixel filters/keying filters). Click on yuv/chroma key and drag it onto the flower18.jpg track in the track display. (This sets the key effect as a child track of the flower picture)
Step 3
The display will switch to the current track tab once the effect has been added. This allows you to set the parameters for the effect. Make sure that small toggle button with the green square on it is pushed in. This puts it in colour picker mode.
Select a large area representative of the background colours, as shown in the screenshot.
Step 4
The display automatically switches to the rectangle view at the top where you can see the results of the key in the grandparent track (MediaMixer rectangle at the left) and the vars tab in the treeview panel (lower left) Since not all of the background was keyed out with the default settings, you may wish to adjust them now.
In the vars tab, click to the right of the line (default setting) on the stripe labeled "y tolerance". Adjust it until all of the background is transparent but all of the flower is showing in the MediaMixer rectangle (top left).
Step 5
Now you may want to make the edges of the dandelion a bit smoother, so click on the f/x tab again and open the convolution filters folder. Take out a key smoother and drop it on the flower18.jpg track. It should show up above the yuv/chroma key in the track display. This is good.
Step 6
To adjust the key smoothing amount, you can change the matrix size and effect levels on the vars tab. I suggest clicking just a bit to the right of 0 on the matrix size strip. This will already do the trick for this picture.
Please note that making the matrix size larger will slow the program down exponentially, as with all matrix effects (convolution filters). A bit should do it.
To get a closer look at the result you can resize the panels, by dragging on the crossbars, to enlarge the MediaMixer rectangle.
Step 7
Now you can save a png image (with transparency) by pressing the export button on the flower18.jpg track (green circle with arrow) in the arrangement tab. Use the browse button to choose a file name or type a path and file name into the file name text area. Be sure to specify an extension of .png, otherwise a video will be generated (default behaviour). Then press export.
Every media track has its own variable set including crop settings, opacity/transparency settings, volume, rotation, rotation center, etc. Not all tracks will make use of all settings but they appear for all tracks regardless.
